Swaran Singh Committee
Source: PIB
GS II: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation
Overview
In the annals of India’s constitutional history, the Swaran Singh Committee holds a significant place. Established during a tumultuous period, this committee was instrumental in introducing a crucial aspect of civic responsibility into the Indian Constitution. Let’s delve into the origins, recommendations, and impact of this pivotal committee.
Background and Formation
- The Swaran Singh Committee was constituted in 1976 by the Congress government, led by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, during the Emergency period (1975-1977).
- Named after its chairman, Sardar Swaran Singh, a seasoned politician and former Union Minister, the committee was tasked with recommending the inclusion of Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution.
- This move was seen as a counterbalance to the extensive rights enjoyed by citizens, emphasizing that with rights come responsibilities.
Key Recommendations
The committee’s primary recommendation was the incorporation of a separate chapter on Fundamental Duties. This was a significant shift, as the original Constitution, adopted in 1950, did not explicitly mention these duties. The committee proposed that citizens should be made aware of their duties towards the nation, fostering a sense of responsibility and patriotism.
Some of the notable recommendations included:
- Inclusion of Fundamental Duties: The committee suggested adding a new part to the Constitution, specifically dedicated to Fundamental Duties. This was to ensure that citizens recognize their obligations alongside their rights.
- Article 51A: Based on the committee’s recommendations, the government introduced Article 51A through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976. This article initially listed ten fundamental duties for Indian citizens, including respecting the Constitution, cherishing the noble ideals of the freedom struggle, and promoting harmony.
- Periodic Review: The committee also recommended that the Parliament should periodically review the laws governing citizens and implement sanctions for non-compliance with these duties.
Implementation and Impact
- The recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee led to the addition of Part IVA in the Indian Constitution, which exclusively deals with Fundamental Duties.
- This new part consists of only one article, Article 51A, which outlines the duties of every citizen of India.
- The inclusion of Fundamental Duties was seen as a corrective measure to address the oversight of not incorporating them in the original Constitution.
- It aimed to instill a sense of civic responsibility among citizens, ensuring that they contribute positively to the nation’s development.
Challenges and Criticisms
- While the introduction of Fundamental Duties was a significant step, it was not without its challenges and criticisms.
- Some argued that the duties were more moral obligations rather than enforceable laws.
- Additionally, the lack of specific penalties for non-compliance raised questions about their effectiveness.
- Despite these criticisms, the Fundamental Duties have played a crucial role in shaping the civic consciousness of Indian citizens.
- They serve as a constant reminder that the rights enjoyed by individuals come with corresponding responsibilities towards the nation and society.
Conclusion
- The Swaran Singh Committee’s work remains a landmark in India’s constitutional journey.
- By emphasizing the importance of Fundamental Duties, the committee ensured that the Indian Constitution not only guarantees rights but also fosters a sense of duty among its citizens.
- This balance between rights and responsibilities is essential for the holistic development of any nation, and the Swaran Singh Committee’s contributions continue to resonate in contemporary India.
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