AI Index Report 2023

Source : Indian Express
GS III: Science and Technology

Overview

1. News in Brief
2. About AI Index Report 2023
3. About Artificial Intelligence

Why in News?

Stanford University recently unveiled its 2023 AI Index Report.

News in Brief

• Artificial Intelligence is evolving at a breathtaking pace. A few years ago, creations such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT or Google Bard were only limited to far-fetched discussions at tech roundtables.
• However, in the last few months, a lot has changed. Developments in AI technologies have been occurring at a break-neck speed leaving several individuals and organisations speechless in awe and dubious with apprehensions.
• The surge in AI-powered technologies is evident, however, the report has made some alarming findings about the rapid proliferation of the technology.
• The annual report tracks collates, distills, and visualizes data relating to artificial intelligence, enabling decision-makers to take meaningful action to advance AI responsibly and ethically with humans in mind.

About AI Index Report, 2023

• The AI Index is an independent initiative at the Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HAI), led by the AI Index Steering Committee.
• The annual report tracks collates, distills, and visualizes data relating to artificial intelligence.
• This will enable decision-makers to take meaningful action to advance AI responsibly and ethically with humans in mind.
• The AI Index collaborates with many different organizations to track progress in artificial intelligence.
• The 2023 report also features more self-collected data and original analysis than ever before.

Global Scenario

• The United States and China had the greatest number of cross-country collaborations in AI
  publications from 2010 to 2021, although the pace of collaboration has slowed.
• Rise in AI
  • .The total number of AI publications has more than
    doubled since 2010.
  • The specific AI topics that continue dominating research include pattern recognition, machine learning, and computer vision.
• Language Model and Expense
  • Across the board, large language and multimodal models are becoming larger and pricier.
  • Language models continued to improve their generative capabilities, but new research suggests that they still struggle with complex planning tasks.
• Flexibility
  • Traditionally AI systems have performed well on narrow tasks but have struggled across broader tasks.
  • Recently released models challenge that trend, BEiT-3, PaLI, and Gato, among others, are single AI systems increasingly capable of navigating multiple tasks.
• Environment
  • New research suggests that AI systems can have serious environmental impacts.
  • According to Luccioni et al., 2022, BLOOM’s training run emitted 25 times more carbon than a single air traveler on a one-way trip from New York to San Francisco.
  • Still, new reinforcement learning models like BCOOLER show that AI systems can be used to optimize energy usage.
• R&D
  • The report stated that 54% of researchers working on large language models (LLMs) were from American institutions.
  • Last year researchers from Canada, Germany, and India contributed to the development of LLMs for the first time.

India in the Report

• India ranked fifth in terms of investments received by startups offering artificial intelligence (AI)-based products and services in 2022.
• Total investments in AI startups in India stood at $3.24 billion in 2022, placing it ahead of South Korea, Germany, Canada and Australia, among others.
• Those ahead of India on the list are the US, China, the UK and Israel.

About Artificial Intelligence

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that focuses on creating systems, software, or machines capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence.
• These tasks include reasoning, problem-solving, learning, perception, language understanding, and decision-making.
• AI aims to replicate or simulate human cognitive functions in machines, enabling them to perform tasks autonomously, make decisions, and adapt to new situations.

Key components and concepts within AI include:

• Machine Learning
• Deep Learning
• Natural Language Processing (NLP)
• Computer Vision
• Robotics
• Expert Systems
• Reinforcement Learning.

Common AI applications include

• Virtual Assistants
• Recommendation Systems
• Autonomous Vehicles
• Healthcare
• Finance
• Cybersecurity
• Gaming

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