Quit India movement
GS I : Modern History – India

What is discussed under Quit India movement?

1. About the Order
2. How it helps

Why in News ?

On 8th Aug 2022, India completed 80 years of Quit India Movement also known as August Kranti. India launched the decisive final phase of the struggle for independence.

Quit India movement

• • It was officially launched by the Indian National Congress (INC) led by Mahatma Gandhi on 9 August 1942.
  • The slogan ‘Quit India’ was coined by Yusuf Meherally, a socialist and trade unionist who also served as Mayor of Mumbai.
  • The AICC conference in Mumbai on August 8, 1942, approved the resolution of the Quit India movement.

    

  • Following the defeat of the Cripps Mission, the resolution of the Quit India movement was adopted at the Mumbai session.
  • Gandhiji gave the call Do or Die in his speech delivered at the Gowalia Tank Maidan, now popularly known as August Kranti Maidan.
  • Aruna Asaf Ali popularly known as the Grand Old Lady of the Independence Movement is known for hoisting the Indian flag at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Mumbai during the Quit India Movement.
    • After the arrest of major leaders, young Aruna Asaf Ali presided over the AICC session.
  • Demands of the Movement
    • End the British rule in India with immediate effect
    • Form a provisional government after the withdrawal of the Britishers.

What are the causes of Movement ?

• • Failure of Cripps Mission: The immediate cause for the movement was the collapse of Cripps Mission.
  • Indian Involvement in World War II without prior consultation.
  • Shortage of Essential Commodities during World War II.
  • Anti-British Sentiment.

Various Phases of Movement

• • First Phase
    • Movement was peaceful with demonstrations and processions.
    • The peaceful protest was carried till Mahatma Gandhi’s release.
  • Second Phase
    • The movement was violent with raids and setting fire at post offices, government buildings and railway stations.
    • attacks on government buildings or any other visible symbol of colo­nial authority.
    • Lord Linlithgow adopted the policy of violence.
  • Final Phase
    • Movement was marked on September 1942 where mobs getting together and bombings in government places of Mumbai and Madhya Pradesh.
    • Formation of national governments or parallel governments in isolated pockets (Ballia, Tamluk, Satara etc.)

Causes of failure/Success

Failure 

• • Detention of leaders
  • Congress was declared an unlawful association
  • Lack of leadership
  • External support: The Viceroy’s Council of Muslims, Communist Party and Americans supported Britishers.

Success

• • Rise of Future Young Leaders
  • Women Participation
  • The movement placed the demand for complete independence
  • Rise of Nationalism a greater sense of unity and brotherhood emerged
  • Anti-British sentiment were enhanced.

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