Current Affairs 16 September 2022 – IAS Current Affairs

Current Affairs 16 September 2022 focuses on Prelims-Mains perspective. Major events are :

Addition of Tribes to ST List

Source : The Hindu

GS II: Government policies and Interventions

What is discussed under Addition of Tribes to ST List?

1. About the Order
2. How it helps?

Why in News ?

Recently, government has approved the inclusion of certain communities in the lists of Scheduled Tribes in Chhattisgarh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, fulfilling long-pending demands from these states.

Newly Added Tribes

Hatti Tribe (Himachal Pradesh):

• The Hattis are a close-knit group of people who acquired their name from the custom of selling homegrown produce, livestock, meat, and other goods in town’s “haat” marketplaces.
• The group has been requesting this since 1967, when residents of the Sirmaur district’s bordering Jaunsar Bawar region of Uttarakhand were granted tribal identity.
• Resolutions adopted at various maha Khumblis over the years strengthened their claim for tribal status.

Narikoravan and Kurivikkaran (Tamil Nadu):

• Nomadic tribes like the Narikuravas and Kuruvikaras (jackal catchers and bird eaters) pride themselves on their traditional occupations of hunting and gathering.

Binjhia (Chhattisgarh):

• In Jharkhand and Odisha, the Binjhia were categorised as STs, but not in Chhattisgarh.
• The Binjhia are meat eaters, and agriculture is the foundation of their society and economy.
• They don’t eat beef or pork, although they do drink alcohol, including handia (rice beer).

Gond Community (Uttar Pradesh):

• The Cabinet approved a proposal to bring the Gond community residing in 13 districts of Uttar Pradesh, under the ST list from the Scheduled Caste list.
• This includes the five subcategories of the Gond community (Dhuria, Nayak, Ojha, Pathari, and Rajgond).

‘Betta-Kuruba’ (Karnataka):

• The ST status granted to the Betta-Kuruba community as a synonym of Kadu Kuruba of Karnataka.
• Betta-Kuruba community has been demanding to include in the ST category for the last 30 years.

About Scheduled Tribes

• The Census 2011 has revealed that there are said to be 705 ethnic groups notified as Scheduled Tribes (STs).
• Article 366(25) of the Constitution only provides process to define Scheduled Tribes: “Scheduled Tribes means such tribes or tribal communities or parts of or groups within such tribes or tribal communities as are deemed under Article 342 to be Scheduled Tribes for the purposes of this Constitution.”
• Article 342(1): The President may with respect to any State or Union Territory, and where it is a State, after consultation with the Governor, by a public notification, specify the tribes or tribal communities or part of or groups within tribes or tribal communities as Scheduled Tribe in relation to that State or Union Territory.
• The Dhebar Commission (1973) created a separate category “Primitive Tribal Groups (PTGs)” which was renamed in 2006 as “Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs)”.

How ST are included?

• Tribal Affairs Ministry analyses and forwards the recommendations for inclusion in the ST list to the Registrar General of India for approval after receiving them from the corresponding State governments.
• Before the list is forwarded to the Cabinet for a final decision, the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes must first approve it.

Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia in India

Source : Indian Express
GS II : Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources

What is discussed under Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia in India?

1. What is Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia?
2. Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia in India

Why in News ?

Jean-Luc Godard one of the legends of French New Wave cinema died earlier this week by assisted suicide at the age of 91.

What is Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia?

• Bot are, a person intentionally ends their life with active assistance from others.

  

• A doctor may end a patient’s life in a painless way if both the patient and their family consent is Euthanasia.
• If a patient desires it, a doctor will aid them in killing themselves is Assisted Suicide.

Euthanasia can further be divided into two

1. Passive Euthanasia
   • When life-sustaining treatments are withheld.
   • Increasing doses of strong pain-management medications, may eventually be toxic for the individual.
2. Active Euthanasia
   • When someone uses lethal substances or forces to end the person’s life.
   • It is done by by the individual themselves or somebody else.

Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia in India

• Supreme Court of India legalised passive euthanasia in 2018, stating that it was a matter of  living will.
• An adult in his conscious mind is permitted to refuse medical treatment or voluntarily decide not to take medical treatment to embrace death in a natural way, under certain conditions.
• The court specifically stated that the rights of a patient, in such cases, would not fall out of the purview of Article 21.

Aruna Shanbaug case

• The court had authorised passive euthanasia for the nurse who had endured decades in a vegetative state while deciding on a petition filed on behalf of Aruna Shanbaug.
• Discussions on the legality of euthanasia and the right to die in India put Shanbaug at their centre.

India Discrimination Report 2022 : Oxfam India

Source : PIB
GS II : Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate

What is discussed under India Discrimination Report 2022 : Oxfam India?

1. About the report

Why in News ?

Recently, Oxfam India Report stated that discrimination in India causes 100 percent of employment inequality faced by women in rural areas in the labour market and 98 percent in urban areas.

About the report

• It is the proportion of the working-age population that engages actively in the labour market, either by working or looking for work.
• For women in India, it declined from 42.7% in 2004-05 to 25.1% in 2021, showing withdrawal of women from the workforce despite rapid economic growth during the same period.
• In 2019-20, 60% of all males aged 15 and above had regular salaried or self-employed jobs; the rate for females was 19%.
• Female casual workers earn about Rs 3,000 less than their male counterparts.
• Self-employed SC/STs earn Rs 5,000 less than non-SC/STs and discrimination accounts for 41% of this gap.
• Gender discrimination in India is structural which results in great disparities between earnings of men and women under ‘normal circumstances’.
• This can be inferred from the data for 2004-05, 2018-19 and 2019- 20. The earning gaps are large, both in rural and urban areas for casual workers ranging between 50 percent and 70 percent.

Centre Sign Pact With Armed Group

Source : Indian Express
GS III : Security challenges and their management in border areas; linkages of organized crime with terrorism

What is discussed under Centre Sign Pact With Armed Group?

1. About the Order
2. How it helps

Why in News ?

The Centre and Assam Government on Thursday signed a tripartite agreement with eight armed tribal groups in Assam to bring them into the mainstream and give them political and economic rights.

About the Pact

• Birsa Commando Force (BCF), Adivasi People’s Army (APA), All Adivasi National Liberation Army (AANLA), Adivasi Cobra Military of Assam (ACMA), and Santhali Tiger Force are the organisations that signed the pact (STF).
• The final three organisations are offshoots of the BCF, AANLA, and ACMA.
• A special package of Rs. 1,000 crore (Rs. 500 crores by the Centre and Rs. 500 crores by Assam government) in five years was announced in the agreement.
• Establishment of a Tribal Welfare and Development Council with a view to ensure speedy and focused development of tea gardens.
• The agreement also provides for rehabilitation and resettlement of armed cadres and measures for their welfare.

What is the purpose of Pact?

• responsibility of fulfilling political, educational and economic aspirations of the tribal people in Assam.
• Agreement is intended to not just protect but strengthen the social, cultural, linguistic and community-based identity.

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