Current Affairs 25 October 2022 – IAS Current Affairs

Current Affairs 25 October 2022 focuses on Prelims-Mains perspective. Major events are :

Cyclone Sitrang

Source : Indian Express
GS I : Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc.

What is discussed under Cyclone Sitrang?

1. How did it get its name?
2. What is a Tropical Cyclone?
3. How is a cyclone named?

Why in News ?

Recently At least 24 people were killed in Bangladesh as Cyclone Sitrang slammed into densely-populated, low-lying areas of the nation.

Key Facts

• After it crossed Bangladesh, Sitrang weakened into a deep depression.

  

• It further weakened into a low pressure area.
• The system now moving towards northeastern regions of India.
• It will cause widespread moderate to heavy rainfall over Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Tripura.
• India Meteorological Department warned, winds with speeds reaching 40 to 50 kmph gusting to 60 kmph along and off the coast of West Bengal.

How did it get its name & what does it mean?

• Sitrang is the Thai name for it.
• It is a Thai surname.
• The name is one of 169 storms identified by IMD for 2020.

What is a Tropical Cyclone?

• A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain.
• Tropical cyclones typically form over large bodies of relatively warm water.
• They derive their energy through the evaporation of water from the ocean surface, which ultimately recondenses into clouds and rain.
• The strong rotating winds of a tropical cyclone are a result of the conservation of angular momentum imparted by the Earth’s rotation as air flows inwards toward the axis of rotation.
• Tropical cyclones are typically between 100 and 2,000 km (62 and 1,243 mi) in diameter.
• Wind blowing counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.
• The opposite direction of circulation is due to the Coriolis effect.

How is a cyclone named?

• Who/Authority : World Meteorological Organisation, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (WMO/ESCAP) Panel on Tropical Cyclones (PTC).
• Why naming cyclone ?
  • Avoid confusion if two or more cyclones are occurring simultaneously over the region.
  • Naming helps in future reference.
• Who are the member countries ? : India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Pakistan, the Maldives, Oman, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Iran, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen.
• Naming from the list
  • With 8 countries in 2004 there was a list of 64 names eight names from each country.
  • Later years the member countries increased to 13 combined released 169 names of cyclones with 13 names from each countries.
• Conditions for naming :
  • Names of the cyclones should be short, simple and easily understood.
  • Culturally sensitive or convey any inflammatory meaning.
• India has, so far, proposed the names Gati (speed), Tej (speed), Marasu (musical instrument in Tamil), Aag (fire), Jhar (storm), Ghurni (whirlpool), Vega (speed) and Neer (water).
  

Nihonshu GI Tag

Source : The Hindu
General Awareness

What is discussed under Nihonshu GI Tag?

1. Facts bout Nihonshu GI Tag
2. What Is a Geographical Indication (GI) Tag?

Why in News ?

For the first time in India, Japan applied for a Geographical Indication (GI).

Key Facts

• The Japanese Embassy in New Delhi applied to the Geographical Indication Registry in Chennai for a GI tag for nihonshu (Japanese sake).
• Japanese sake is a valuable beverage derived from rice fermentation.
• It is manufactured from three basic ingredients: rice, koji-kin, a type of fungal spore, and water.
• The rice and Koji used in the beverage must be Japanese.
• It is produced by an alcoholic fermentation process known as parallel multiple fermentation.
• Other duties associated in its production include koji production, starting culture production, mash production, pressing, heat sterilisation, and bottling.

What Is a Geographical Indication (GI) Tag?

• A geographical indicator (GI) is a label applied to products with a particular geographic origin and characteristics or a reputation derived from that origin.
• An indication that a product is made in a certain location is necessary for a sign to be considered a GI.
• A GI is mainly a product made (crafts and industrial items), an agricultural product, or a natural product that comes from a certain geographic region.
• Geographical indications are typically used for agricultural products, foodstuffs, wine and spirit drinks, handicrafts, and industrial products.
• Once a product gets this tag, any person or company cannot sell a similar item under that name.
• This tag is valid for a period of 10 years following which it can be renewed.
• Any group of people, producers, organisations, or authorities created by or operating under the legislation are eligible to apply for GI.
• The Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999 seeks to provide for the registration and better protection of geographical indications relating to goods in India.

INTERPOL General Assembly

Source : INTERPOL
GS II : Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate

What is discussed under INTERPOL General Assembly?

1. India’s recommendations for INTERPOL
2. About INTERPOL

Why in News ?

The 90th INTERPOL General Assembly has ended with a series of resolutions to further strengthen INTERPOL’s network and capabilities as the Organization heads into its centenary year.

Key Facts

• This session was hosted by India in New Delhi.
• Discussions on how innovation and technology can be better integrated into INTERPOL’s day-to-day activities.
• Conference launch the INTERPOL Metaverse, the first specifically designed for law enforcement worldwide.
• INTERPOL’s first-ever Global Crime Trend report was also presented to delegates.
• Delegates also approved a resolution calling for greater efforts to identify and investigate online child sexual abuse through the creation of specialized units and increased use of INTERPOL’s International Child Sexual Exploitation database.
• General Assembly called for more effective use of the I-Familia database by member countries.
  • I-Familia seeks to identify missing persons or unidentified human remains by using DNA samples from family members.

India’s recommendations for INTERPOL

• Establishing permanent counter-terrorism and anti-drug information exchange platforms.
• Ensure effective action against the international drug trafficking networks
• Efficient anti-money laundering system were also essential.
• Plan for the next 50 years on the basis of its experience and achievements of the past 100 years.

About INTERPOL

• International Criminal Police Organization and we are an inter-governmental organization.
• They have 195 member countries, and help police in all of them to work together to make the world a safer place.
• To do this, INTERPOL enable them to share and access data on crimes and criminals, and we offer a range of technical and operational support.
• In each country, an INTERPOL National Central Bureau (NCB) provides the central point of contact.
• The General Assembly is its governing body.

Draft National Credit Framework

Source : PIB
GS II : Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources

What is discussed under Draft National Credit Framework?

1. National Credit Framework (NCrF)
2. How it Works?

Why in News ?

Union Minister of Education and Minister of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship Shri Dharmendra Pradhan launched the draft of National Credit Framework (NCrF) for public consultation.

National Credit Framework (NCrF)

• Aims to enable the integration of academic and vocational domains to ensure flexibility and mobility between the two.

  

• Enable students who have dropped out of the mainstream education to re-enter the education ecosystem.
• Credits for knowledge acquisition, hands-on training, positive social outcomes for achieving 100% literacy in the next 2-3 years.
• NCrF will integrate the credits earned through school education, higher education and vocational and skill education by encompassing the National Higher Education Qualification Framework (NHEQF), National Skills Qualification Framework (NSQF) and National School Education Qualification Framework (NSEQF).
• It also supports educational acceleration for students with gifted learning abilities.
• NCrF will ensure Flexibility in the duration of study/ courses through provisions of multiple entries and exit/work options.
• NCrF will bring about a unification of higher education institutions to promote multidisciplinary education, creating a diverse and rich students knowledge base.

How this Support Government?

• NCrF is expected to assist the government to increase the enrolment of students, helping to fulfil the national vision of complementing the demographic dividend.
• It will transforming India into the Skill Capital of the World.

How it Works?

• For the purpose of calculation, the NCrF has divided the education system into multiple levels.
• For school education, there are four levels.
• Students clearing class XII will be at credit level 4.
• For higher education, the levels are from 4.5 to 8 — which is basically from first year UG to PhD.
• The total credit points earned by the student will be obtained by multiplying the credits earned by them with the NCrF level at which the credits have been earned.

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