Current Affairs 26 October 2022 – IAS Current Affairs

Current Affairs 26 October 2022 focuses on Prelims-Mains perspective. Major events are :

Launch Vehicle Mark 3

Source: Hindu
GS II: Science and Technology

What is discussed?

1. About Launch Vehicle Mark 3

Why in News?

The Indian Space Research Organisation’s (ISRO) largest rocket Launch Vehicle Mark 3 (LVM3 or GSLV Mark 3) successfully orbited 36 satellites of the United Kingdom-based OneWeb after taking off from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota at 12.07 a.m. (IST).

About LVM3

• The LVM3 is ISRO’s newest medium-heavy lift launch vehicle and India’s biggest rocket.

  

• The rocket, formerly known as the Geosynchronous Satellite Send Vehicle Mark III (GSLV Mk III), is designed to primarily launch satellites into geostationary orbit at 35,000 kilometres.
• With a larger cryogenic upper stage and a larger first stage, the LVM3 can launch substantially heavier satellites than the GSLV Mk II.
• The GSLV Mk II and LVM3 are both three-stage spacecraft, however, the PSLV, which launches to low-Earth orbit, is a four-stage vehicle.
• The GSLV Mk-II has a payload capacity of 2,500kg in geosynchronous orbit and 5,000kg in low earth orbit.
• The GSLV Mk-II has a payload capacity of 2,500kg in geosynchronous orbit and 5,000kg in low earth orbit.
• The LVM3 can lift 4,000 kg to GTO and up to 8,000 kg to LEO. Currently, the largest operating rocket is America’s SpaceX’s non-human rated Falcon Heavy, a super-heavy lift vehicle.
• The human-rated form of the LVM3 will also be employed for Gaganyaan missions.

National Credit Framework

Source: Indian Express
GS II: Policies and Developmental Studies

What is discussed under National Credit Framework?

1. What are ‘Credits’ in the Education System?
2. Highlights of the NCrF

Why in News?

The draft National Credit Framework (NCrF) policy to integrate the credit system was made public on Wednesday by Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan (October 19).

What are ‘Credits’ in the Education System?

• According to the draft, credits are essentially a recognition that a learner has completed a prior course of learning, corresponding to a qualification at a given level.

  

• It is a method of measuring learning outcomes.
• School students in India will soon be able to earn ‘credits’ from classroom learning as well as extracurricular activities and deposit them in a ‘bank’.

How does it work?

• A credit-based approach has become essential at a time when the University Grants Commission (UGC) is encouraging provisions such as the four-year undergraduate programme with multiple entries and exit options.
• It provides:
  • Course flexibility
  • The ability to change courses or institutions in the middle of a semester
  • The ability to reenter the education system after a break without losing years
• Students can digitally deposit their credits in the Academic Bank of Credits, which functions similarly to a commercial bank, and redeem them whenever they need to.

Credit frameworks

• Credit frameworks are guidelines that schools, colleges, and universities must follow when implementing the credit system.
  • The National Higher Education Qualification Framework (NHEQF), for example, lays out the guidelines for higher education institutions interested in implementing the credit system.

Highlights of the NCrF

• The proposed NCrF aims to bring all frameworks under one umbrella. It brings the entire school education system under the scope of credits.
• Only the National Institute of Open Schooling has used a credit system so far.
• The NCrF also includes vocational and skill education.
• The obtained credits will be valid for a maximum of seven years.
• School students will have access to all of the credit system’s features.
• It will eliminate the need for equivalence certification for academic programmes that meet NCrF requirements and will facilitate student transfer between schools and boards.
• After putting in 1200 hours of “notional learning hours,” a student must earn at least 40 credits to complete a year of school education.

Global Report of Lancet Countdown 2022

Source : LancetCountdown
GS II : Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate; GS III : Environment

What is discussed under Global Report of Lancet Countdown 2022?

1. About the report
2. Major Findings and Recommendations

Why in News ?

People around the world are increasingly feeling the impact of climate change on their health and wellbeing and these compounding crises are amplifying those harms.

Key Facts

• New findings presented in the seventh annual global report of the Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change reveal that governments and companies continue to follow strategies that increasingly threaten the health and survival of all people alive today, and of future generations.
• This is resulting in increased risk of food insecurity, infectious disease transmission, heat-related disease, energy poverty, and deaths from exposure to air pollution.
• Governments and companies in both high- and low-income countries continue to prioritise fossil fuel interests.
• 2022 Report tracks the relationship between health and climate change across five key domains and 43 indicators, revealing that the world is at a critical juncture.

About Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change

• International, multidisciplinary collaboration, dedicated to monitoring the evolving health profile of climate change.

  

• Countries considered in the modelling study represent 50% of the world’s population and 70% of the world’s emissions – Brazil, China, Germany, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, South Africa, the UK and the US.
• It tracks 43 indicators across five key domains: Climate Change impacts, Exposures and Vulnerability; adaptation, Planning, and resilience for health; mitigation actions and health co-benefits; economics and finance and public and political engagement.

Major Findings and Recommendations

• From 2000-2004 to 2017-2021, heat-related deaths increased by 55% in India.
• Indians lost 167.2 billion potential labour hours due to heat exposure.
• Improvement in air quality will help to prevent deaths resulting from exposure.
• Burning of dirty fuels needs to be minimized as soon as possible.

Safety of Human and Stray Dog

Source : India Today
GS III : Environment

What is discussed under Safety of Human and Stray Dog?

1. Judgement and Regulation Related

Why in News ?

In view of the rising stray dog menace in Nagpur, the Bombay High Court directed “that no citizen and no resident of Nagpur and areas surrounding it shall feed or make any attempt to feed the stray dogs in public places, gardens etc.

Key Facts

• Further direct that if any person is interested in feeding stray dogs, he shall first adopt the stray dog.
  • Bring it to home, register it with Municipal Authorities or put it in some dogs shelter home.
• Commissioner of Nagpur Municipal Corporation to ensure that, no feeding of street dogs takes place at any place except at the own place of the dog feeder.
• Commissioner will also impose appropriate penalty for any breach of these directions, which penalty may not be more than of Rs.200/- for every breach.
• It may not be of the extreme nature of destruction of the stray dog.

Judgement and Regulation Related

• Animal Welfare Board of India v. Nagaraja (2014):
  • Striking down the practice of Jallikattu (bull-wrestling) and bullock cart racing in the Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra,

    

    respectively, the Supreme Court had ruled that the right to dignity and fair treatment as enshrined in and arising out of Article 21 of India’s Constitution is not confined to human beings alone, but animals as well.

• Stray dogs are protected under the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960 and Rules enacted under Section 38 of the Act, particularly the Animal Birth Control (Dogs) Rules, 2001.
• National Action Plan
  • To progressively reduce and ultimately eliminate human rabies in India through sustained, mass dog vaccination and appropriate post-exposure treatment.
• Article 48 A states that the State shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country.
• Article 51A(g) states it to be a duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures.
• Indian Penal Code (IPC):
  • Section 428 and 429 of the IPC provides for punishment of all acts of cruelty such as killing, poisoning, maiming or rendering useless of animals.

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