Daily Current Affairs 06 June 2023 – IAS Current Affairs
Current Affairs 06 June 2023 focuses on Prelims-Mains perspective. Major events are :
AI in Healthcare
Source: Financial Express
GS II: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources
What is discussed?
- Artificial intelligence?
- AI in Healthcare
Why in news?
At a time of mounting healthcare challenges, Artificial intelligence (AI) is adding new capabilities to the health sector with astonishing speed.
What is Artificial intelligence?
- Artificial intelligence (AI) – It is when computers and other machines mimic human cognition, and are capable of learning, thinking, and making decisions or taking actions.
- AI in healthcare is an umbrella term to describe the application of machine learning (ML) algorithms and other cognitive technologies in medical settings.
AI in Healthcare
- India is one of the few developing countries leading the way on AI in health.
- By 2025, India would invest 11.78 billion USD in India’s AI in the primary sector, which will enhance the country’s GDP by 1 trillion USD by 2035.
How AI can improve health care?
- AI has the potential to significantly enhance health outcomes.
- AI can help with diagnostic and risk classification.
- Its ability to identify a variety of illnesses at scale and earlier than physicians is AI’s significant and unrealized potential.
- For individuals whose genetics, environment, or habits put them at higher risk, AI can recommend early treatments.
- Information about infectious diseases: Climate change and human migration raise the possibility of future outbreaks of infectious diseases.
- AI-driven systems can forecast epidemics, track their progression, and provide tailored advice for mitigation.
- For instance, mapping the spread can be aided by testing wastewater, examining online traffic, and modelling mosquito movement patterns.
- Clinical trial optimisation – Women and underrepresented groups are underrepresented in clinical trials, which are often expensive and time-consuming.
- AI can choose the best trial.
KAVACH
Source: Business Lines
GS III: Science and Technology
What is discussed?
- About KAVACH
- Working of KAVACH
- Features
Why in News?
The recent train tragedy in Odisha has brought to the surface the need for KAVACH in preventing rail accidents. Kavach was not available on this route.
About KAVACH
- KAVACH is an Automatic Train Protection (ATP) electronic system designed to help the Indian Railways achieve Zero Accidents.
Objective: to achieve safety in train operations across Indian Railways.
Development
- It has been indigenously developed.
- It is developed by the Research Design and Standards Organisation (RDSO) in collaboration with the Indian industry.
- Research Design and Standards Organisation (RDSO): it is a research and development organisation under the Ministry of Railways.
Working of KAVACH
- It has a set of electronic devices and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) devices installed in locomotives, in the signalling system as well as the tracks.
- These connect to each other using ultra-high radio frequencies to control the brakes of trains.
- It also alerts drivers, all based on the logic programmed into them.
- It is a Safety Integrity Level 4 (SIL-4) certified technology.
- It comes from two voluntary standards used by plant owners/operators to quantify safety performance requirements for hazardous operations.
- There are four SIL Levels (1-4).
- A higher SIL Level means a greater process hazard and a higher level of protection.
- KAVACH is the world’s cheapest automatic train collision protection system.
- Initial development of Kavach started in 2012 under the name Train Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) and completed development on 2022.
- First successful trial: between Gullaguda–Chitgidda Railway stations of South Central Railway in 2022.
- The Budget of 2022-23 had proposed rollout of Kavach in 2000 kms.
Features
- Automatic activation of the train braking system if the driver fails to control the train speed.
- Preventing collision between two Locomotives equipped with a functional KAVACH system.
- Sending continuous updates of Movement.
- Auto Whistling while approaching Level Crossing Gates
- Sending SoS Messages during emergency situations.
- Centralised live monitoring of train movements through the Network Monitor System.
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