Daily Current Affairs 13 June 2023 – IAS Current Affairs

Current Affairs 13 June 2023 focuses on Prelims-Mains perspective. Major events are :

Hiroshima AI Process (HAP)

Source : The Hindu
GS III : International Relation

Overview

1. About Hiroshima AI Process (HAP)?
2. Global Partnership on AI (GPAI)
3. About G7

Why in News ?

The annual Group of Seven (G7) Summit, hosted by Japan, took place in Hiroshima initiated the Hiroshima AI process (HAP)

About Hiroshima AI Process (HAP)

• HAP is an effort by G7 countries to determine a way forward to regulate artificial intelligence (AI).
• Hiroshima AI process (HAP) made a plan for ministers from the respective countries to meet by the end of the year to establish common rules on promoting trustworthy AI.
• HAP will work in cooperation with the OECD and Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI) will discuss on generative AI by the end of this year.

Global Partnership on AI (GPAI)

• An international effort is underway to assist the ethical and humane development and application of artificial intelligence (AI).
• The goal is to close the knowledge gap between theory and application of artificial intelligence by funding innovative research and practical applications of AI.
• It was based on a mutual dedication to the OECD Artificial Intelligence Recommendation.
• There are 25 nations that are members of GPAI.
• In 2020, India became a founder member of the organisation.
• It brings together active minds and knowledge from academia, government, business, civil society, and international organisations to promote global collaboration.

About G7

• It is an intergovernmental economic group consisting of 7 largest IMF advanced economies such as Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the UK, and the US.
• EU is also represented within the G7 as an invitee.
• These countries are the 7 major advanced economies as reported by the IMF.
• Formerly called G8 with Russia in it, but due to Crimean crisis, Russia was ejected from the group.
• G7 summit is being held annually to discuss economic policies, while the G7 finance ministers have met at least semi-annually.
• It has no binding impact on policy, and all decisions and commitments made at G7 meetings need to be ratified independently by governing bodies of member states.
• India’s membership – India is a not a member of G7.
• Chair of 2023, G7 – Japan.

Global Slavery Index 2023

Source : The Hindu
GS II : Government Policies & Interventions

Overview

1. About Global Slavery Index 2023?
2. Global Partnership on AI (GPAI)
3. About G7

Why in News ?

The Walk Free Foundation released the Global Slavery Index 2023, an assessment of modern slavery conditions in 160 countries.

About Global Slavery Index 2023

• Modern slavery refers to situations of exploitation that a person cannot refuse or leave because of threats, violence, coercion, deception, or abuses of power.
• Modern slavery is an umbrella term and includes a whole variety of abuses such as forced labour, forced marriage, debt bondage, sexual exploitation, human trafficking, slavery-like practices, forced or servile marriage, and the sale and exploitation of children.

Global Slavery Index:

• The index is released by Walk Free, a human rights organisation and uses data provided by the Global Estimates of Modern Slavery, which, in turn, is produced by International Labour Organization (ILO), Walk Free, and International Organization for Migration (IOM).
• This is the fifth edition of the Global Slavery Index and is based on the 2022 estimates.

Key Findings of the report

• According to the report,on any given day in 2021, as many as 50 million people were living in “modern slavery”.
• Among these 50 million, 28 million suffer from forced labour and 22 million from forced marriages. Of these 50 million, 12 million are children.
• Prevalence of modern slavery : The prevalence refers to the incidence of modern slavery per 1000 population.
• The Country-wise findings are, countries with the Highest prevalence:North Korea, Eritrea, Mauritania,Saudi Arabia,Turkey.
• Countries with the lowest prevalence : Switzerland ,Norway, Germany,Netherlands ,Sweden.
• Countries hosting the maximum number of people living in modern slavery: India,China,North Korea,Pakistan, Russia.
• The countries hosting the maximum number of people living in modern slavery account for six members from G20 nations: India, China, Russia, Indonesia, Türkiye, and the US.

How the world is saving from modern slavery?

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations: Target 8.7 of the SDGs states:

Take immediate and effective measures to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery and human trafficking and secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2025 end child labour in all its forms.

• Australia approved the Modern Slavery Act in 2018, which mandates that businesses with consolidated annual revenues of above AU$100 million must disclose the steps they are doing to combat modern slavery.
• According to the UN Trafficking Protocol, human trafficking is now illegal in almost 137 nations.

India against slavery

1. Constitution
   • Article 23 of Indian Constitution:
     • Traffic in human beings and begar and other similar forms of forced labour are prohibited and any contravention of this provision shall be an offence punishable in accordance with law.
   • Article 24 of Indian Constitution :
     • No child below the age of fourteen years shall be employed in work in any factory or mine or engaged in any other hazardous employment.
2. ILO Conventions
   • India has ratified the two fundamental ILO Conventions concerning the elimination of child labour, the Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138) and the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182).
3. Acts
   • Bonded Labour Abolition Act of 1976: It prohibits the practice of bonded and forced labour, and identifies responsibilities of State Governments to form vigilance committees.
   • The Act was amended in 1985 to include contract and migrant workers.
4. Government Schemes
   • Central scheme for Rehabilitation of Bonded Labour
   • It provides financial assistance to the rescued individual.

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