PM Janjati Adivasi Nyay Maha Abhiyaan (PM-JANMAN)

Source: The Hindu

• GS II: Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections
• GS I: Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism

Overview

1. News in Brief
2. About M Janjati Adivasi Nyay Maha Abhiyaan (PM-JANMAN)
3. Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups

Why in the News?

Trying to collect the data on possible beneficiaries while simultaneously implementing the project, is slowing down the housing component of PM Janjati Adivasi Nyay Maha Abhiyaan (PM-JANMAN). 

News in Brief

• Out of the nearly 5 lakh houses that were to be constructed, the government had set a target of sanctioning 2.5 lakh by February 15.
• But more than a fortnight later only 1.59 lakh houses could be sanctioned.
• Sanction houses only in the villages noticed by the Centre, till the two databases are reconciled.

What is the issue?

• The government relied on the PM Gati Shakti portal to estimate the total population of 75 tribes
• It has been grouped under the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTG) across the country.
• The government has three different estimates for the total PVTG population — 28 lakh to begin with in November, which increased to 36.5 lakh by mid-January and ballooned further to 44.64 lahks by January-end.
• Based on the numbers given by the Gati Shakti app, the State governments were given a month to conduct their survey.
• The State government has listed out several instances where the PVTGs are found in villages outside the ones notified by the Centre.
• Especially since these groups fall under the most vulnerable category, they migrate regularly looking for employment.

About M Janjati Adivasi Nyay Maha Abhiyaan (PM-JANMAN)

• Budget Speech for 2023-24, it was announced that a Pradhan Mantri PVTGs Development Mission.
• It will be launched to enhance the socio-economic conditions of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups.
• This initiative aims to provide essential amenities such as secure housing, clean drinking water, sanitation, improved access to education, health, and nutrition, as well as enhanced road and telecom connectivity, and sustainable livelihood opportunities to PVTG households and habitats.
• An allocation of Rs.24,000 crore has been earmarked for the next three years under the Development Action Plan for the Scheduled Tribes (DAPST).
  • Central Share:Rs.15,336 crore and State Share: Rs.8,768 crore.
• The scheme is implemented during FY 2023-24 to 2025-26.
• The comprehensive IEC campaign started initially in 100 districts, covering approximately 500 blocks and 15,000 PVTG habitations across 18 states and the Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
• In phase II, it will cover the remaining districts.
• This campaign is an effort aimed at saturating PVTG families with individual entitlements and habitations with basic facilities, by making these tribal communities aware of their entitlements.
• During the campaign period, Aadhar cards, Community Certificates and Jan Dhan Accounts will be provided as these are basic requirements for other schemes such as the issue of Ayushman cards, PM Kisan Samman Nidhi, Kisan Credit Card etc.
• This initiative will ensure to cover every PVTG household that has remained unreached because of distance, lack of road and digital connectivity and will provide facilities at their doorstep.
• Places like Haat Bazar, CSC, Gram Panchayat, Anganwadi, Multipurpose Centre, Vandhan Vikas Kendras, and Krishi Vigyan Kendras will be used to organise these events.

Following benefits to eligible households and habitations

• Road Connectivity for village/habitation with a population of 100 or more
• Telecom connectivity for every habitation
• Pucca house as per locally preferred design with toilet and clean drinking water
• Electricity on the grid and solar for left-out households
• Improved access to education and health by setting up a dedicated Hostel attached to the school and Mobile Medical unit where the Health centre is not present
• Improved access to vocational education/ skilling

Mission Target and Achievements

Need for the Scheme: According to the 2011 census, India has a Scheduled Tribe (ST) population of 10.45 crore, with 75 communities across 18 states and the Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands identified as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs). These PVTGs continue to grapple with vulnerabilities in social, economic, and educational domains.

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