World Hydrogen Summit 2024
Source: PIB
GS III: Science and Technology
Overview
- News in Brief
- Hydrogen as a fuel
- National Green Hydrogen Mission
Why in the News?
Recently India addressed the World Hydrogen Summit 2024 in Rotterdam, Netherlands.
News in Brief
- Highlighting India’s strategic vision and capabilities in the domain of renewable energy and green hydrogen production.
- World Hydrogen Summit delegates of India’s capability to meet any scale of production demand for green hydrogen, provided there is sufficient market demand and support.
- World Hydrogen 2024 Summit & Exhibition, is the largest hydrogen summit.
Hydrogen as a fuel
Hydrogen is an intriguing fuel with several unique properties. Let’s explore the basics:
Clean Fuel
- When consumed in a fuel cell, hydrogen produces only water as a byproduct. This makes it an environmentally friendly option.
- It can be produced from various domestic resources, including:
- Natural Gas: Through a process called steam reforming, where steam reacts with natural gas to produce hydrogen.
- Nuclear Power: By utilizing nuclear energy.
- Biomass: From organic materials.
- Renewable Power: Such as solar and wind energy.
Energy Carrier
- Hydrogen acts as an energy carrier, similar to oil or gas. It can be transported to where it’s needed.
- Remarkably, it stores three times as much energy per unit of mass as conventional petrol.
- When it “burns” in air (releasing stored energy), it simply combines with oxygen to produce water again.
Production Methods
- Thermal Processes:
- Steam reforming (high-temperature process) using hydrocarbon fuels like natural gas, diesel, or biomass.
- Currently, 95% of hydrogen is produced from steam reforming of natural gas.
- Electrolytic Processes:
- Water is separated into oxygen and hydrogen through electrolysis.
- Electrolyzers create hydrogen from water molecules.
- Solar-Driven Processes:
- Use light for hydrogen production:
- Photobiological processes (bacteria and green algae).
- Photoelectrochemical processes (specialized semiconductors).
- Solar thermochemical processes (concentrated solar power).
- Use light for hydrogen production:
- Biological Processes:
- Microbes (bacteria and microalgae) can produce hydrogen through biological reactions.
- Photobiological processes use sunlight as an energy source.
National Green Hydrogen Mission
- It is a flagship initiative of the Government of India.
- It is aimed at fostering the development and adoption of green hydrogen technologies in India.
- With a target of establishing 5 million tonnes of annual green hydrogen production capacity by 2030, the mission represents a significant step towards realizing India’s ambitions in the hydrogen economy.
- The Government has made substantial progress in this regard, having awarded tenders for incentives to support green hydrogen production of a total of 412,000 tonnes per annum.
- Additionally, tenders have been awarded for the establishment of electrolyser manufacturing capacity amounting to 1,500 MW per annum, further bolstering India’s capacity to produce green hydrogen at scale.
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