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World Hydrogen Summit 2024

Source: PIB
GS III: Science and Technology


Overview

World Hydrogen Summit 2024
Image by Roman from Pixabay
  1. News in Brief
  2. Hydrogen as a fuel
  3. National Green Hydrogen Mission

Why in the News?

Recently India addressed the World Hydrogen Summit 2024 in Rotterdam, Netherlands.

News in Brief

  • Highlighting India’s strategic vision and capabilities in the domain of renewable energy and green hydrogen production.
  • World Hydrogen Summit delegates of India’s capability to meet any scale of production demand for green hydrogen, provided there is sufficient market demand and support.
  • World Hydrogen 2024 Summit & Exhibition, is the largest hydrogen summit.
Hydrogen as a fuel

Hydrogen is an intriguing fuel with several unique properties. Let’s explore the basics:

Clean Fuel

  • When consumed in a fuel cell, hydrogen produces only water as a byproduct. This makes it an environmentally friendly option.
  • It can be produced from various domestic resources, including:
    • Natural Gas: Through a process called steam reforming, where steam reacts with natural gas to produce hydrogen.
    • Nuclear Power: By utilizing nuclear energy.
    • Biomass: From organic materials.
    • Renewable Power: Such as solar and wind energy.

Energy Carrier

  • Hydrogen acts as an energy carrier, similar to oil or gas. It can be transported to where it’s needed.
  • Remarkably, it stores three times as much energy per unit of mass as conventional petrol.
  • When it “burns” in air (releasing stored energy), it simply combines with oxygen to produce water again.

Production Methods

  • Thermal Processes:
    • Steam reforming (high-temperature process) using hydrocarbon fuels like natural gas, diesel, or biomass.
    • Currently, 95% of hydrogen is produced from steam reforming of natural gas.
  • Electrolytic Processes:
    • Water is separated into oxygen and hydrogen through electrolysis.
    • Electrolyzers create hydrogen from water molecules.
  • Solar-Driven Processes:
    • Use light for hydrogen production:
      • Photobiological processes (bacteria and green algae).
      • Photoelectrochemical processes (specialized semiconductors).
      • Solar thermochemical processes (concentrated solar power).
  • Biological Processes:
    • Microbes (bacteria and microalgae) can produce hydrogen through biological reactions.
    • Photobiological processes use sunlight as an energy source.
National Green Hydrogen Mission
  • It is a flagship initiative of the Government of India.
  • It is aimed at fostering the development and adoption of green hydrogen technologies in India.
  • With a target of establishing 5 million tonnes of annual green hydrogen production capacity by 2030, the mission represents a significant step towards realizing India’s ambitions in the hydrogen economy.
  • The Government has made substantial progress in this regard, having awarded tenders for incentives to support green hydrogen production of a total of 412,000 tonnes per annum.
  • Additionally, tenders have been awarded for the establishment of electrolyser manufacturing capacity amounting to 1,500 MW per annum, further bolstering India’s capacity to produce green hydrogen at scale.

 


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