Guru Gobind Singh

Source: PIB
GS I: Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times

Overview

Why in the News?

Prime Minister has paid tributes to Sri Guru Gobind Singh.

On his Prakash Utsav.
PM highlights that his thoughts will inspire us to build a society that is progressive, prosperous and compassionate.
His thoughts inspire us to build a society that is progressive, prosperous and compassionate.

Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth and final human Guru of Sikhism.
He was a visionary leader who profoundly shaped the faith and its community.
Born on December 22, 1666, in Patna, Bihar.
He was known for his exceptional bravery, spiritual wisdom, and deep commitment to justice.
His legacy includes the founding of the Khalsa, a significant transformation in Sikh identity and ethos.

Early Life and Education

Born Gobind Rai, he was the only son of Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Sikh Guru, and Mata Gujri.
At a young age, he showed signs of spiritual and intellectual prowess.
His early education included Persian, Sanskrit, martial arts, archery, and horse riding.
These skills not only prepared him for his future responsibilities as a spiritual leader but also as a defender of the faith.

Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur

One of the pivotal moments in Guru Gobind Singh’s life was the martyrdom of his father, Guru Tegh Bahadur.
In 1675, Guru Tegh Bahadur sacrificed his life to defend the religious freedoms of Kashmiri Pandits against forced conversions by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.
This event deeply influenced Guru Gobind Singh, instilling in him a strong resolve to uphold justice and protect the oppressed.

Formation of the Khalsa

On April 13, 1699, Guru Gobind Singh initiated the creation of the Khalsa at Anandpur Sahib during the festival of Vaisakhi.
He called upon Sikhs to come forward and sacrifice themselves for their faith, leading to the birth of the first five members of the Khalsa, known as the Panj Pyare (Five Beloved Ones).
The Khalsa was founded on the principles of equality, bravery, and devotion to God.
Members of the Khalsa were given the surname ‘Singh’ (lion).
They were expected to adhere to a code of conduct and the five Ks:
1. Kesh (uncut hair)
2. Kangha (wooden comb)
3. Kara (iron bracelet)
4. Kirpan (sword)
5. Kachera (cotton undergarments)

Military Leadership and Battles

Guru Gobind Singh’s leadership extended beyond spiritual realms to military prowess.
He fought several battles against Mughal rulers and hill chieftains who opposed Sikhism.
His strategic acumen and valor were evident in the battles of Anandpur, Chamkaur, and Muktsar.
Despite facing overwhelming odds, Guru Gobind Singh and his followers displayed remarkable courage and resilience.

Literary Contributions

Apart from his military and spiritual leadership, Guru Gobind Singh was a prolific writer and poet.
He composed several literary works, including the Jaap Sahib, Chaupai Sahib, and Zafarnama (Epistle of Victory).
His writings reflect his deep spirituality, devotion to justice, and the warrior ethos he espoused.
The Guru Granth Sahib, the holy scripture of Sikhism, was finalized under his guidance, and he ordained that after him, the Guru Granth Sahib would be the eternal Guru of the Sikhs.

Guru Gobind Singh remains a towering figure in Sikh history and a symbol of spiritual strength and resilience.
His life and teachings continue to resonate with Sikhs and non-Sikhs alike, offering lessons in leadership, courage, and the unwavering pursuit of justice.
As we reflect on his legacy, we are reminded of the enduring power of faith and the importance of standing up for what is right, no matter the cost.

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