NCRB’s Crime In India Report
Source : Indian Express
GS II : Internal Security

What is discussed under NCRB’s Crime In India Report?

1. Human Trafficking cases
2. What is the major reason for the Trafficking of Humans?
3. What is the Crime in India Report?

Why in News ?

Recently a new edition of Crime in India the annual report of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), was released on August 29, for crime-related statistics in 2021.

Key Facts on Crime in India

• Overall, 2021 saw a 7.6 per cent decline in the number of crimes registered, as compared to 2020.
• The crime rate per lakh population declined from 487.8 in 2020 to 445.9 in 2021.
• Crime against women rose by 15.3 per cent in 2021 from the previous year, according to latest data released by the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), with 4,28,278 cases registered last year following 3,71,503 cases in 2020.

Human Trafficking cases

• Goa has the highest rate of human trafficking cases per lakh population.
  • One case of human trafficking per lakh population as against the national average of 0.2cases.

    

  • 15 cases of human trafficking in which 38 victims all adult women and Indian nationals.
  • Trafficked for sexual exploitation while six were trafficked for domestic servitude.
• 2,189 cases of human trafficking have been registered by AHTUs of States/UTs during 2021, as compared to 1,714 cases in the year 2020, showing an increase of 27.7%.
• The highest number of cases have been registered in Telangana (347 cases), Maharashtra (320 cases), and Assam (203 cases).
• Delhi saw 73.5% jump in human trafficking cases last year.
• A total of 6,533 victims were reported to be trafficked, in which 2,877 children and 3,656 adults were trafficked.
• 6,213 victims have been rescued from clutches of traffickers.

What is the Conviction rate?

• A total of 5,755 persons were arrested in 2,189 cases of trafficking.
• The conviction rate in human trafficking remains poor.
• Data on convictions was not available for 11 states, as many as eight states and three Union territories saw no convictions at all.
  • No Conviction : Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Goa, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Odisha, Telangana, Delhi, Chandigarh and Jammu and Kashmir.
• Top conviction rate is in Jharkhand, which saw convictions in 84.2 per cent of the 92 cases that were registered in 2021.
• Seven states reported no convictions while two reported a conviction rate of less than 2 per cent.

What is the major reason for Trafficking of Humans?

• Forced them into bonded labour or sexually exploited.
• Many of the victims were pushed into domestic work and were rescued from residential areas.
• A large number of the victims were dragged out of residential neighbourhoods and forced into domestic employment.

Constitutional & legislative provisions related to Trafficking in India

• Trafficking in Human Beings or Persons is prohibited under the Constitution of India under Article 23 (1).
• The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956 : legislation for prevention of trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation.
• Criminal Law (amendment) Act 2013 : has come into force wherein Section 370 of the Indian Penal Code has been substituted with Section 370 and 370A IPC which provide for comprehensive measures to counter the menace of human trafficking including trafficking of children for exploitation in any form.
• Protection of Children from Sexual offences (POCSO) Act, 2012 : which has come into effect from 14th November, 2012 is a special law to protect children from sexual abuse and exploitation with precise definition of abuse.
• Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986 : To prohibit the engagement of children in certain employments and to regulate the conditions of work of children in certain other employments.
• Sections 372 and 373 : Dealing with selling and buying of girls for the purpose of prostitution.
• Anti Trafficking Cell (ATC) : Anti-Trafficking Nodal Cell was set up in the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) (CS Division in 2006.
• Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act 1976

UN Convention : India has ratified the United Nations Convention on Transnational Organised Crime (UNCTOC) which has as one of its Protocols Prevention, Suppression and Punishment of Trafficking in Persons, particularly Women and Children.
SAARC Convention : India has ratified the SAARC Convention on Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Women and Children for Prostitution.

What is the Crime in India Report?

• NCRB was established in January 1986 with the aim of establishing a body to compile and keep records of data on crime.
• It functions under the Union Home Ministry.
• Preparation of Data
  • NCRB report includes information gathered from all 36 states and Union Territories in the nation.
  • The relevant state-level crime records bureaus provide comparable information for 53 metropolitan areas, or those with a population of more than 10 lakh as per the 2011 census.
  • These then validated further at the district level, then the state level, and finally by the NCRB.

Way Forward

• The state governments’ collaborate with the source states to prosecute the traffickers and act against the online commercial sexual activities.
• A need for review the cause for poor conviction rate in the cases of sex trafficking.

Daily Current Affairs : Click Here

Leave a Feedback